Réseau, étymologie

RÉSEAU, subst. masc.

Étymol. et Hist. A. 1. Ca 1180 resel « petit filet utilisé pour la chasse et la pêche » (Marie de France, Fables, éd. A. Ewert et R. C. Johnston, 12, 39: as cordes … e as resels); ca 1300 (Macé, Bible, 14283, éd. A. M. L. Prangsma-Hajenius, t. 3, p. 68b: a reseaux); 2. 1225-30 fig. (Guillaume de Lorris, Rose, éd. F. Lecoy, 1438: Narcisus … qui Amors tint en ses raisiaus). B. 1. 1599 réseau « tissu en forme de rets » ([Inventaire des biens meubles, joyaux et titres de Gabrielle d’Estrées], Arch. nat. KK 157, f o46 v ods Gay), 2. 1694 dentell. (Ac.: dentelle à fond de reseau); 1754 (Encyclop. t. 4, p. 847a, s.v. dentelle: la neige, le réseau, la bride). C. 1. 1690 zool. « deuxième poche de l’estomac des ruminants » (Fur.); 2. a) 1748 anat. réseau merveilleux (Dict. universel de méd., trad. de l’angl. de M. James, t. 5, p. 1099a, s.v. rete mirabile); 1805 réseau admirable (Cuvier, Anat. comp., t. 2, p. 185); b) 1762 anat. « ensemble de vaisseaux sanguins » (Ac.); 3. 1762 « ensemble de lignes, de bandes, etc., entrelacées ou entrecroisées » (J.-J. Rousseau, Émile, l. III, éd. Ch. Wirz, Bibl. Pléiade, p. 431: un brillant rézeau de rosée); 4. 1763 hérald. (Encyclop. Planches t. 2, Art hérald., pl. XI, n o579); 5. 1835 géod. (Ac.: réseau de triangles); 6. a) 1839 art « filets de plomb d’un vitrail » (Balzac, loc. cit.); b) 1856 archit. « nervures de pierre d’une fenêtre ou d’une rose gothique » (Lenoir, Archit. monast., p. 196); 7. ca 1893 « écran utilisé en photogravure » (Gde encyclop., t. 19, p. 1031, s.v. héliogravure); 8. 1915 art milit. (Bourget, Sens mort, p. 192: réseau de fils de fer; p. 193: réseau barbelé). D. 1. 1828 « ensemble de personnes, d’organismes, en relation pour agir ensemble » (Guizot, Hist. civilis., leçon 2, p. 16: un réseau de fonctionnaires); 2. a) 1922 « organisation clandestine » (Giraudoux, Siegfried et Lim., p. 39: un réseau d’espions); b) 1946 « organisation de résistants » (Abellio, Pacifiques, p. 387); 3. 1932 comm. (Pesquidoux, Livre raison, p. 197); 4. 1964 psychol. soc. réseau de communication (C. Flament, Réseaux de communication et structure de groupe, Aix en Provence ds Encyclop. univ. t. 4, p. 768a). E. 1. 1829 phys. (J. Babinet, Sur les couleurs des réseaux ds Ann. chim. et phys., t. 40, p. 166); 1892 réseau de diffraction (Guérin); 2. 1849 cristallogr. (Rapport sur un Mém. de M. Bravais ds C.r. de l’Ac. des sc., t. 29, p. 134); 1899 réseau cristallin (Lapparent, Minér., p. 11); 3. 1964 électr. « combinaison de générateurs et d’éléments possédant une résistance, une inductance, une capacitance, etc. » (Rob.). F. Ensemble de lignes, de voies de communications, de conducteurs, etc. 1. a) 1842 ch. de fer (Hugo, Rhin, p. 481: que le réseau des innombrables sillages de toutes les marines se joigne […] au réseau de tous les chemins de fer [ici, p. métaph.]); 1844 (Le Compilateur, n o19, 5 oct., p. 306 ds Quem. DDL t. 25); b) 1842 mar. (Hugo, loc. cit.); 1870 (Littré); c) 1870 transp. routiers (ibid.); d) 1890 aéron. (Ledieu, Cadiat, Nouv. matér. nav., p. 323: réseau de communications aériennes [par ballons]); 1931 (Saint-Exup., Vol nuit, p. 96: le réseau de la compagnie); 2. a) 1849 télégr. (L. Figuier, La Télégr. électr., in R. des deux mondes, 3esérie, p. 614 ds Quem. DDL t. 6); b) 1882 téléph. réseau téléphonique (L’Année sc. et industr., 25eannée, p. 133); c) 1958 réseau de télévision (Matras, op. cit., p. 102); d) 1962 réseau de radars (Goldschmidt, Avent. atom., p. 202); e) 1964 réseau radiophonique (Rob.); f) 1964 réseau hertzien (Lar. encyclop.); g) 1968 informat. (Lar. encyclop. Suppl., s.v. terminal: réseau de télétraitement); 3. 1874 réseau hydrographique (Verne, Île myst., p. 239); 4. a) 1905 pétrole (Haton de la Goupillière, Exploitation mines, p. 238: des réseaux de conduites, ou pipe-line); b) 1925 électr. (Pesquidoux, Livre raison, p. 189: répand [la réserve de courant] dans le réseau); c) 1928 (Lar. mén., p. 323: des réseaux de distribution d’eau, de gaz et d’électricité). Dér., au moyen du suff. -eau*, de l’a. fr. reiz, rez « filet » (rets*); réseau a été en concurrence avec réseul, réseuil (FEW t. 10, p. 337, s.v. retiolum) qu’il a fini par supplanter.

http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/r%C3%A9seau

Network, etymology

network (v.)

1887, “to cover with a network,” from network (n.). From 1940 as “to broadcast over a (radio) network;” 1972 in reference to computers; 1980s in reference to persons. Related: Networked; networking.

network (n.)

“net-like arrangement of threads, wires, etc.,” 1550s, from net (n.) + work (n.). Extended sense of “any complex, interlocking system” is from 1839 (originally in reference to transport by rivers, canals, and railways). Meaning “broadcasting system of multiple transmitters” is from 1914; sense of “interconnected group of people” is from 1947.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=network

Semantic constellation, network / social

Réseau

Social

Networked Social Cinema: Program

Hippies from hell (Ine Poppe, 2002) 19:26-23:25
Hippies from Hell are a group of hackers, techies, artists, writers and puzzlers. In the eighties they published hacker magazine Hacktic and in 1993 they started the first Dutch Internet-provider, xs4all, thus opening the Internet for the general public. Apart from this they throw wild parties and organize open-air hacker festivals, using the Internet as their social platform. On their mailing list they discuss almost every aspect of our technology infested society. The Dutch hackers, as the hippies were called initially, are a special group within the international hacker movement, which they helped create for a large part.
In the film artists play with hardware, young hippies hack their school-calculators, lock pickers open locks without a key: hacking is not just fooling around with technology, it is an attitude, an activity, a verb.

North By North West (Alfred Hitchcock, 1959)

Vital Statistics of a Citizen, Simply Obtained (Martha Rosler, 1977) 18:03-40:06
This chilling tape, “operatically” conceived, but neither a musical nor a documentary, probes the objectification of women and others in a technological/bureaucratic society. At its core is a long, continuous shot that reveals the part-by-part measurement and evaluation of a woman by a white-coated male examiner and a chorus of three women assistants. How do we come to see ourselves as objects? How do fragmentation and comparison assist in social control? This ordeal of scrutiny thinly alludes to a monumentally protracted episode of Truth or Consequences. The final sequence presents re-framed government photos of women being measured, accompanied by a voiceover litany of “crimes against women.” Rosler’s distanced depiction of the systematic, institutionalized “science” of measurement and classification is meant to recall the oppressive tactics of the armed forces or concentration camps, and to underscore the internalization of standards that determine the meaning of women’s being.

Faceless (Manu Luksch, 2007) Trailer
In a society under the reformed ‘Real-Time’ Calendar, without history nor future, everybody is faceless. A woman panics when she wakes up one day with a face. With the help of the Spectral Children she slowly finds out more about the lost power and history of the human face and begins the search for its future. FACELESS was produced under the rules of the ‘Manifesto for CCTV Filmmakers’. The manifesto states, amongst other things, that additional cameras are not permitted at filming locations, as the omnipresent existing video surveillance (CCTV) is already in operation. “RealTime orients the life of every citizen. Eating, resting, going to work, getting married – every act is tied to RealTime. And every act leaves a trace of data – a footprint in the snow of noise…”

My Fair Lady

I Love Alaska (Lernert Engelberts + Sander Plug, 2009) Episode 1 and 2
August 4, 2006, the personal search queries of 650,000 AOL (America Online) users accidentally ended up on the Internet, for all to see. These search queries were entered in AOL’s search engine over a three-month period. After three days AOL realized their blunder and removed the data from their site, but the sensitive private data had already leaked to several other sites. I love Alaska tells the story of one of those AOL users. We get to know a religious middle-aged woman from Houston, Texas, who spends her days at home behind her TV and computer. Her unique style of phrasing combined with her putting her ideas, convictions and obsessions into AOL’s search engine, turn her personal story into a disconcerting novel of sorts.

hello world and cpdp on the 24. of january

dear participants of the networked social,

it was very nice meeting you today and we look forward to our next sessions.
i am ccing femke and nicolas in this email, so that you now have all of our email addresses.
i am also sending you information about our visit to the “computers, privacy and data protection conference” on the 24. of january from 9am-12pm. the event takes place at les halles in schaerbeek.

you can find all information about the conference here:
http://www.cpdpconferences.org/

you can find the program of the day here:
http://www.cpdpconferences.org/thursday24january2013.html#top

you can find instructions on how to get to les halles here:
http://www.cpdpconferences.org/Resources/CPDP2013_Howtogetthere.pdf

we will meet at 9am at the main entrance. femke and i (seda) will pick you up and we will do the rounds till 12pm.
you can attend any of the sessions (see the program and notice there are three different rooms), meet people, ask them questions, and document your observations for your diary (pick your media of liking).
femke will brief you again shortly on thursday. if you have any questions, please ask per mail or otherwise.
wishing you a nice week and look forward to seeing you again.
best,
s.

How I got Here

Dutch Design ’90s
Hard Werken, Jan van Toorn, Wild Plakken, Anthon Beeke

Net/trust
Alexei Shulgin: Refresh (1996)
http://redsun.cs.msu.su/wwwart/refresh.htm
http://www.nettime.org/Lists-Archives/nettime-l-9610/msg00000.html

De Geuzen
A foundation for multi-visual research
http://www.geuzen.org/current/DIY/accessories/research.html
http://www.geuzen.org/female_icons/?p=584

Piet Zwart Institute
Media Design = Networked Media?
http://pzwart.wdka.nl/media-design/ (off line!)
http://pzwart.wdka.nl/networked-media

Constant
http://constantvzw.org
Digitales 2003 @ Interface3
http://constantvzw.org/bending/Technobiographies/Track%206.wav

Angry Women (Annie Abrahams, 2011)
http://vimeo.com/33492100

“It really didn’t make any sense to cut into them, that would take away a very essential part: the process of dealing with this situation of No Exit, of voluntarily being trapped in a grid with 7 other ladies that one hardly knew. In the beginning I had difficulties accepting these videoarchives because I saw how much they depended on our hazardous trying to interact, to be present in this universe of alone togetherness. Besides I didn’t like my own presence. As in other webperformances I felt trapped and revealed myself not as I would have liked to be revealed. But now I begin to accept this (again) as its qualities and I do like the very different dynamics in the two versions. These performances raise many questions as for instance possible language and cultural differences, that I would like to explore further but for now I would first like to organise an Angry Men performance and I will try to improve the performance interface.” Annie Abrahams email 3/01/2012.

OSP
Open Source Designers meet Open Source Developers (since 2006)
http://osp.constantvzw.org/foundry/
http://libregraphicsmeeting.org/2013/
http://lgru.net

Git/SVN
Beautiful meritocracy: Code Swarm (Michael Ogawa, 2006)
http://vimeo.com/1093745
http://git.constantvzw.org vs http://ospwork.constantvzw.org

Who’s who
For Vlaams Theater instituut, with Michael Murtaugh
What counts as a relationship?
http://whoswho.vti.be/

who am i and why the “networked social”?

the dinner table

in preparation of the course “the networked social”, femke, nicolas and i, decided to start the first day with reflecting on why we want to offer this course at erg and what we would like to share with everyone during the course. for that, maybe it is nice to know where each of us are coming from in terms of the things we want to inquire during the course.

i am seda and i have been living in brussels for the last five years. for many years i have been actively involved in many community projects and also like to organize my life around these communities. these can be friends with whom we do things, communities that are based in the neighborhood i live in, colleagues i work with in or outside of institutions, or sometimes a surprising constellation of people who somehow decide to come together and do something. i also like to see people from different communities come together in different ways, be it around a dinner table or in a meeting room. part of my interest for the networked social hence from this community perspective: how do we as members of these communities take up the digital networks of our times (or resist them) and how do the digital networks of our times accommodate and shape our communities. Maybe, in other words, how do we negotiate space in the networked social?

i am also a researcher with a background in computer science (among other things). i currently work at the ku leuven. we mainly work on research projects on questions about hardware and software design, security, and privacy. currently one of the main projects that we work on is about online social networks and privacy. in this project, we do elaborate on why online social networks are designed the way they are, what consequences this has for the different communities that are involved and how we could design these systems otherwise, given the interests of these different communities.

finally, throughout the last years, i have had the pleasure of working with people who ask critical questions about technology design and computer science. i have been especially intrigued by feminist critiques of computer science within which both the neutrality of systems and the power position of that scientists and engineers have with respect to designing the systems that we use. i have also been very interested in participatory design and how the free and open source software philosophies can play a role in developing such practices. i have also had the great joy of working both with designers and artists who ask similar questions from their point of practice.

so, all of these experiences and questions brought me to the “networked social”. during the course i will especially focus on algorithms, web tracking and the design of privacy technologies. i especially hope to reflect on topics like what makes an algorithm? what makes an algorithm a “good” algorithm? what is web tracking? what could it have been? what can it become? and finally, i would like to take some time to ask what it means to negotiate the public and the private? how do we do this individually but also in our communities? what is the role that networked digital technologies plays in these negotiations? how can we negotiate what these technologies are or can be?

i look forward to teaching together with femke and nicolas starting tomorrow and i look forward to meeting all the ergians!

Thursday 17-01: Networked Social Cinema

The introduction to The Networked Social continues on Thursday with an early-morning screening of artworks, videos and films. Some already listed here.